Asymptotic charges, large gauge transformations and inequivalence of different gauges in external current QED
  
  
  
      
    Wojciech Dybalski, Benedikt Wegener
  
  
  
  
  
  
                
    
  July 15, 2019  
  
    In this paper we consider external current QED in the Coulomb gauge and in
axial gauges for various spatial directions of the axis. For a non-zero
electric charge of the current, we demonstrate that any two different gauges
from this class correspond to quantum theories which are not unitarily
equivalent. We show that the spacelike asymptotic flux of the electromagnetic
field is the underlying superselected quantity. We also express the large gauge
transformation linking two distinct axial gauges by the Wilson loop over a
contour limited by the two axes. Thus the underlying physical mechanism appears
to be related to the Aharonov-Bohm effect.
  
  
    
  
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